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PRINT: ISSN 2221-1896
ONLINE : ISSN 2223-0343
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Cytokine therapy for combating animal and human
diseases – A review |
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Kuldeep Dhama, Sandip Chakraborty, Mohd Yaqoob Wani, Ruchi Tiwari
and Rajamani Barathidasan
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1,5Avian
Diseases Section, Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research
Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (UP) – 243122; 2Animal
Resources Development Department, Pt. Nehru Complex, Agartala, Tripura –
799006
3Immunology
Section, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology,
Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.) –
243122; 4Department of Veterinary Microbiology and
Immunology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay Pashu Chikitsa
Vigyan Vishwa Vidhyalaya EVam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura
(UP) – 281001
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Abstract |
Disease control in food
production animals is normally achieved through the use of
antimicrobials, drugs and vaccines. However, the injudicious and wide
use of antibiotics and other drugs/chemicals in animal husbandry
practices and livestock raising systems have resulted in environmental,
food safety and human health concerns, principally due to the emergence
of drug-resistant microbes and residual toxicity in foods of animal
origin. During recent years, therapeutic interventions with biologics
and newer treatment modalities like phages, apoptins, cytokines, avian
egg yolk antibodies, stem cell therapy, herbal remedies and others are
gaining more and more focus into medical and veterinary sciences. Of
these, cytokines therapy is of immense importance and possesses great
potential and values for treating human as well as animal diseases.
Cytokines, the natural mediators of immunity,
include interleukins (IL),
interferons (IFN), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), chemokines, adipokines
and mesenchymal growth factors. Cytokines have characteristic multiple
biological properties (pleiotropism), and affect various stages of
embryonic development, disease pathogenesis, and immune responses
including of both non-specific and specific ones. Their mode of action
on the cells may be autocrine, paracrine or in endocrine manner;
mediated by means of various cytokine receptors.
Cytokines, their receptors and signal transduction pathways, are
promising candidates for treatment purposes and therapeutic
interferences due to their multiple functions, regulatory and effector
cellular functions, in many diseases. In this regard TNF-TNF receptor
interaction and neutralization of any such interaction requires special
mention.
Cytokines, being good immunomodulators, play crucial role in a vast
array of infectious diseases, wherein the use of recombinant cytokines
is worth mentioning.
The therapeutic
applicability of cytokines and modulation of their actions is being
explored for a many infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases,
immunocompromised patients (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS),
and in neoplasia.
Cytokines possess potential capability in controlling
various diseases of animals too
and present possible alternatives to traditional / conventional
therapeutics. Limitations of cytokine therapy like short half life and
adverse affects are also being tackled with innovative novel strategies
so as to widen the potent application of these wonderful molecules.
The present review discusses the role of cytokines in various therapeutic
interventions, anti-tumor effects, and their applications as adjuvants
for new generation vaccines both in the field of human as well as animal
science / medicine.
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Keywords:
Cytokines; interleukins; tumor
necrosis factor; disease; therapy; adjuvants; anti-tumor activity |
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To cite this article:
Dhama
K, S Chakraborty, MY Wani, R Tiwari
and R Barathidasan,
2013.
Cytokine therapy for
combating animal and human diseases – A review.
Res.
Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci., 3(7), 195-208. |
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