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PRINT: ISSN 2221-1896
ONLINE : ISSN 2223-0343
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Escherichia coli,
an economically important avian pathogen, its disease manifestations,
diagnosis and control, and public health significance: A review |
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Kuldeep Dhama1*,
Sandip Chakraborty2, R. Barathidasan3, Ruchi
Tiwari4,
S. Rajagunalan5 and Shambhu Dayal
Singh6
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1,3,6Avian
Diseases Section, Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research
Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.) – 243122; 2Animal
Resources Development Department, Pt. Nehru Complex, Agartala, Tripura –
799006;
4Department of Veterinary
Microbiology and Immunology, Uttar Pradesh Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhayay
Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwa Vidhyalaya EVam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan
(DUVASU), Mathura (U.P.) – 281001; 5Division of Veterinary
Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly
(U.P.) – 243122
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Abstract |
Avian colibacillosis, caused by
Escherichia coli, is one of
the major bacterial diseases in the poultry industry worldwide, and
along with salmonellosis, it is the most common avian disease
communicable to humans. The organism is a normal inhabitant of the
intestinal tract of birds and can survive in a wide range of
temperature. Certain strains viz., avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC), however, could spread
to various internal organs and cause colibacillosis characterized by
fatal systemic disease.
Faeco-oral route is the main mode of infection, though vertical
transmission is also possible. The disease occurs in various forms in
poultry: colisepticemia and acute septicemia, air sac disease,
pericarditis, perihepatitis, Mushy chick disease (yolk sac infection),
peritonitis, panopthalmitis, synovitis, salpingitis, bumble foot,
cellulitis, swollen head syndrome, infectious asthenia, and Hjarre’s
disease.
Increased
cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate
(cGMP) due to E. coli
infection affect the absorption of sodium as well as chloride and water
balance ultimately producing watery diarrhea and death. APEC
isolates also are of potential concern for public health professionals.
Infected persons usually manifest diarrhea which may be complicated by
other syndromes depending on the serotype. Diagnosis is based on
isolation and growth characteristics of the organism in wide variety of
bacteriological media, biochemical tests, serological assays, enzyme
linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), molecular tools of polymerase chain
reaction (PCR) and its various versions, phylogenetic analysis and other
techniques. The disease must be differentiated from a wide variety of
other bacterial diseases. Antibiotic sensitivity test is useful to
select proper antibiotic but plasmid mediated resistance do occur for
which vitamin as well as probiotic and bacteriophage therapy are gaining
much attention nowadays. Live and inactivated mutant vaccines are
available. Proper hygiene and sanitation along with good hatchery
management are the prerequisites to prevent the occurrence of disease.
Different disease manifestations caused by APEC, insights into this
economically important avian pathogen, epidemiology,
trends and advances in diagnosis,
prevention and control, novel and emerging therapeutic regimens, and the
associated public health concerns envisage the topic of
discussion in the present review.
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Keywords:
Escherichia coli; poultry; avian colibacillosis; chronic respiratory
disease; colisepticemia, diagnosis; treatment; zoonosis |
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To cite this article:
Dhama K, S Chakraborty, R
Barathidasan, R Tiwari, S Rajagunalan and SD Singh, 2013.
Escherichia coli, an economically important avian pathogen, its disease
manifestations, diagnosis and control, and public health significance: A
review.
Res.
Opin. Anim. Vet. Sci.,
3(6), 179-194. |
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